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There is a Minhag brought in SA OC here to take a chicken on Erev Yom Kippur & perform Kapparos with it. The custom is for a man to take a male chicken while a woman chooses a female chicken to perform the ritual. However, during the times of the Beis Hamikdash, when an individual would bring a Korban Chattas as an atonement for a sin, he/she would always sacrifice a female. See here. Why the difference? Both are being done to atone for a sin?

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    A king who sinned would bring a male goat. But both are being done to atone for a sin?
    – Double AA
    Commented Sep 19, 2017 at 4:41
  • The kapparos brought before Tom kipur are not a Marvin nor are they governed by Halacha relevant to karbonos.
    – Laser123
    Commented Sep 25, 2017 at 13:21

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Because it's not just atonement, but substitution (תמורה). See the teshuvah of the Geonim quoted in Tur Orach Chaim 605, and Bach there.

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    The actual phrasing there ואין אנו יודעין מנהג זה למה אי משום תמורה implies that Temurah is a possible suggestion which needed an explanation, it was not a definitive explanation. Especially since he started off calling it a kapara א יש מקומות שנוהגין לשחוט תרנגול לכפרה and repeated that language later.
    – user6591
    Commented Sep 19, 2017 at 19:26
  • @user6591 that's the questioner's statement. The answer mentions שעושין תמורה אילים, and the Bach clarifies that the intent is דלעולם המנהג הוא משום תמורה.
    – Meir
    Commented Sep 19, 2017 at 19:46

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