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It seems that gentiles are allowed to offer burnt sacrifices, and may do so anywhere in the world. They do not need the Temple. A Jew may even instruct a gentile on how to do this.

What is the purpose of a gentile offering a korban? That is, what does it actually do for them? Offering sacrifices doesn't seem to be commanded by the seven Noachide laws in the same way that Jews are ordered to bring sacrifices. Does a gentile's korban grant specific blessings or atone for specific sins, or is it purely something they can do if they feel like it?

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  • What would Noah and Job say? It's obvious they believed there was some benefit.
    – user34203
    Commented Mar 4 at 2:30

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You are correct that they are not commanded to bring sacrifices. Your question is mentioned by Rambam in Mishnah Torah, Hilchot Melachim, chapter 10, halacha 10 which says:

בֶּן נֹחַ שֶׁרָצָה לַעֲשׂוֹת מִצְוָה מִשְּׁאָר מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה כְּדֵי לְקַבֵּל שָׂכָר. אֵין מוֹנְעִין אוֹתוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ כְּהִלְכָתָהּ. וְאִם הֵבִיא עוֹלָה מְקַבְּלִין מִמֶּנּוּ.

As Rambam presents it, the non-Jew is bringing the offering for whatever perceived reward or merit they think G-d may credit them with because it is one of the commandments in the Torah.

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