According to those opinions that only one who flies over an ocean has to say hagomel, why does one not say hagomel when flying within the USA (where one often takes off over an ocean)?
asked Aug 2, 2011 at 4:54
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1Why are you assuming one doesn't?– msh210 ♦Commented Aug 2, 2011 at 5:24
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1How can you see someone not say hagomel? I suppose you can ask him whether he forgot to or omitted it deliberately. More to the point, I've seen people (myself included) do lots of things they think is right but isn't.– msh210 ♦Commented Aug 2, 2011 at 21:14
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2 Answers
The Shulchan Aruch in 219:1 (based on Brachot 54b, which is based on Tehillim 107) lays out 4 categories of individuals who are required to make Birchat Ha'Gomel, one category is "יורדי ים" - literally: 'descender to the sea', colloquially: 'seafarers'.
The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch in 61:1 explains that this halacha includes
"בשאר דרך שמוחזק שיש בו סכנה - other trips which may be dangerous"
and
"ובכלל זה גם מי שהיה בסכנה אחרת וניצל הימנה - this also includes a situation in which a person is in any dangerous situation and is saved from it"
Opinions differ regarding whether one should say this blessing on all flights or just those crossing the ocean/desert (see here for a litany of opinions) and one should certainly consult with his/her local Rabbi to establish the local custom/halachic ruling.
It seems that the debate surrounds 2 issues, the first being halachic in nature and the second practical:
- Are the cases listed in the Shulchan Aruch exclusive or representative (ie. is saying the blessing limited to those cases or are they paradigms for other cases as the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch seems to understand)?
- Is air-travel considered dangerous to the extent that it would require a blessing and is this ddanger threshold only met on trans-oceanic journeys?
Accordingly, according to an opinion that states that one should say Birchat Ha'Gomel when crossing a sea on an airplane, the danger threshold of that situation may be limited to only crossing over entirely and not just passing over briefly (see US Airways 1549).
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One more issue surrounding the debate - Deserts and oceans are both dangerous places because you're far away from anyone who could help you, and it is arguable that any flight takes you far enough away from society that you can't get help from someone else if you need it.– zaqCommented Aug 2, 2011 at 13:14
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But flights are also equipped with communication devices so that if, God forbid, a plane were having issues/going to crash they would be able to communicate with the nearest tower and send help. The argument could be made that at no point on a flight within the continental US (and perhaps also Canada) would you be that far out of touch... Commented Aug 2, 2011 at 13:17
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It doesn't matter that they can actually talk to society. What help would they send? Airplanes that are going down are pretty much in the hands of the captain (and Hashem). There may be medical aid when they crash back into society, but in the air nobody's coming to help.– zaqCommented Aug 2, 2011 at 13:25
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Aha, I understand the concept you are getting at (didn't before), that is very possibly part of the considerations in requiring a person to make the blessing after any flight...see category #2 above. Commented Aug 2, 2011 at 13:32
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Category #2 requires flying itself to have a certain threshold of danger, the issue I'm adding only requires you to be too-far from society to receive aid if there was an emergency, regardless of whether flying itself is dangerous. If someone has a heart-attack on the plane, is the flight close enough to an airport to land and get help? Or, if there are snakes on the plane...– zaqCommented Aug 2, 2011 at 13:55
Those who say that you say hagomel when flying over the ocean, mean that you cross an ocean. (That is actually the language used in your reference question) If you leave JFK but head to Florida, you aren't 'crossing the ocean' in the way that it is meant. However, if you fly to Mexico,(over the gulf of mexico) you would be.
The question is, is the flight a substitute for traveling over land, or a substitute for taking a boat?
(One should also bench gomel when crossing a desert, not just an ocean)
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You want a source for common english usage? Ha, even google, if you search for 'fly over the ocean' the second hit is a wiki article for 'trans atlantic flights' :)– aviCommented Aug 2, 2011 at 5:46
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(a) "Fly over the ocean" is ambiguous, yes. (b) Is that the phrase emplyed by t'shuvos?– msh210 ♦Commented Aug 2, 2011 at 5:54
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Every instance in the original question is actually 'cross over the ocean' not 'fly over', thanks for helping me catch that.– aviCommented Aug 2, 2011 at 6:00
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So, based on this, if you fly from Hawaii to Oahu, you would need to say Hagomel. If you take the "ferry" from Ft. Lauderdale to Nassau, Bahamas you would also need to say "Gomel". The "cross" definition still seems vague. Maybe there's a minimum distance involved, here?– DanFCommented Aug 7, 2019 at 15:17