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King David's words are timeless, and relevant in every single generation.
This teaching is spelled out in the Midrash (Shochar Tov, Tehillim 18:1):
ר' יודן אומר בשם ר' יהודה אמר, כל מה שאמר דוד בספרו, כנגדו, וכנגד כל
ישראל, וכנגד כל העיתים אמרו.
R. Yodan said in the name of R. Yehuda, who said: “Everything that
David said in his book, corresponded to ...
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Refer to the Ohr HaChaim there which alludes to the point you make "that if Moshe had continued davening, Hashem would have had to have given in and let him into Eretz Yisrael".
עוד נראה לפרש על זה הדרך רב לך לגופא, ואומרו אל תוסף נמשך עם מה שלאחריו שהיא מאמר עלה ראש הפסגה וגו', פירוש לפי שאמר לו ה' עלה ראש וגו' שנתקבלה חצי תפלתו שאמר ואראה את ...
3
The question has many factors to consider.
Birchas Hashachar - If one did not say Birchas Hashachar beforehand, the Mishna Berura 52:9 says that he must say it afterwards, besides Birchas Hatorah and אלקי נשמה, which are a subject of a machlokes;
ומ"מ יאמר - ר"ל שמחוייב לאמרם אחר התפלה אם לא אמרן קודם התפלה. ועיין לעיל בסימן מ"ז ס"ח ...
2
As related in BT Ketubot 104A (https://www.sefaria.org/Ketubot.104a.4?lang=bi) we are in fact permitted to pray for someone's death to come quickly if they are suffering, "The maidservant of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi ascended to the roof and said: The upper realms are requesting the presence of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, and the lower realms are requesting the ...
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I think there's a pasuk that begins and ends with almost every letter combination, even though some aren't in the siddur.
I found a few options online for helping with pesukim for names that aren't in the siddur:
This website has a list of pesukim by first and last letter, including ones that aren't in the siddur: https://web.archive.org/web/20140803215133/...
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This is not a direct answer to your question but it's worth mentioning here for any readers. I have a Rambam "Siddur" that has every prayer needed for every Jewish event and it all fits into one book. But if you hand this siddur to an average Jew today they will marvel at all the prayers that are "missing." However, the reality is that ...
1
The Maateh Ephraim (581:58) recommends practicing or familiarizing yourself with the Rosh Hashanah prayers beforehand;
ראוי לכל אדם לתת לב קודם ראש השנה, לסדר לעצמו התפילות והפיוטים, וילמוד פרוש הדברים, שיהיו שגורים בפיו בראש השנה. גם ילמוד קודם ראש השנה לבניו הקטנים ובני ביתו סדר תפילות, כדי שלא יצטרך להפסיק בראש השנה להראות להם הסדר:
If your saying ...
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As was mentioned in the comments, there seems to be 2 different ways of reading this line and is a subject of a machlokes achronim.
The פרישה in 236:3 says that the word תמיד is meant to go together with the words before it (like Double AA mentioned in the comments):
ונוסח אשכנז ומבדיל וכו' תמיד ימלוך עלינו וכו' מלת תמיד נמשך לדלעיל אל חי וקים תמיד. ימלוך ...
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OU has published the sections in the Artscroll, Koren and Birnbaum prayer books which are to be read when praying alone, based on the rulings of R Hershel Schachter and R Mordechai Willig.
last two pages here for Rosh Hashana
pages 25-28 here for Yom Kippur
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