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From this site:
"This celebration is commonly referred to as the "Siyum HaShas," but technically speaking, this term is inaccurate. The word "Shas" is an acronym for the words, "Shisha Sedarim," referring to the six sections of the Mishna. The Daf Yomi program completes the entire Talmud Bavli, but the Talmud Bavli does not cover all six sections of the ...
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Rabbi Meir says 2 different things:
מֵאֵימָתַי מַתְחִילִין לִקְרוֹת קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע בְּעַרְבִית — מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם נִכְנָסִין לֶאֱכוֹל פִּתָּן בְּעַרְבֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים זַכָּאִין לֶאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן.
and:
מֵאֵימָתַי מַתְחִילִין לִקְרוֹת שְׁמַע בָּעֲרָבִין — מִשָּׁעָה ...
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I think we can reconcile the passage in Gittin with the quote from Rashi as follows:
It seems that the key point from Rashi is whether the dispute is a matter of logical application or a historical fact. When one person said something, as in Rashi's case, there are no two possibilities that can be correct for what was said. Therefore, if there are multiple ...
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No there are no explicit sources. In fact Rav Saadia Gaon in Emunos V'Deos explicitly rejects this concept and considers it a non Jewish concept. The Rashash in the back of the gemara in Bava Metziah 107 brings an indication from that gemara against concept of gilgulim.
(This does not mean other do not hold of the concept, in fact many Rishonim ,and even ...
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Perhaps the answer is as follows:
The Talmud immediately cites a beraita which discusses a Scriptural derivation for the time when terumah can be eaten:
כדתניא ובא השמש וטהר ביאת שמשו מעכבתו מלאכול בתרומה ואין כפרתו מעכבתו מלאכול בתרומה וממאי דהאי ובא השמש ביאת השמש והאי וטהר טהר יומא דילמא
as it has been taught: And when the sun sets we-taher, ...
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I went to a library and saw it in person. This is indeed a correct reference as the footnote cites:
בדיתא לובי i.e., the canal Baditha near Luba on the northern Euphrates, v. Obermeyer, p. 311.]
The original German on page 311 is:
Der Nahr al-Badāt ist zweifellos mit dem Moed Katan 11a verzeichneten Baditha identisch. Hier wird nämlich tradiert: Der ...
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Your answer is within the sources in your question.
Torf means an exposed place, that should be covered.
מקום התורף - woman's genitalia should be covered if exposed.
Document's תורף - Are the exposed blanks, that should be covered (by writing) [Also, leaving those blanks open make the document dangerous sometimes].
תורפה של ירושלים - Jerusalem's ...
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Chazal often took pesukim out of context to teach lessons homiletically; this is an example of that. Does this mean that they maintained that Isaiah 53 speaks of the Messiah? Simply not. Actually each school is choosing a name for the Messiah resembling in sound and meaning the name of that school or its head (see Rashi).
One passage on Sotah 14a ...
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