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Quote for https://www.hasofer.com/html/tefillinposition.html:
Lowest point for tefillin begins where the biceps muscle starts to elevate and is normally bulged. The tefillin must never pass below this point! {Mishna Berura 27:4} With your arm outstretched (according to the ruling of Harav Hagaon Rabbi Y. S. Elyashiv, shlita) as in the above diagram, you ...
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The Ohr HaChaim HaKadosh has a famous piece on Devarim 8:1 where it writes:
כׇּל־הַמִּצְוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛ הַיּ֖וֹם תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת לְמַ֨עַן תִּֽחְי֜וּן וּרְבִיתֶ֗ם וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע ה' לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃
You shall faithfully observe all the Instruction that I enjoin upon you today, that you may ...
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Trying to turn a discussion in comments into an answer:
The Shulchan Aruch and the Rema (27(1)) poskin like the opinion that
the arm tefillah should be put on the half of the muscle toward the
elbow. (The Gr"a points out that every other Rishon argues and
allows the entire muscle. And the Aruch Hashulchan there actually
holds that the entire upper arm ...
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According to what I have heard, mekubalim say it is better to have your peyos behing the ears (because they symbolise gvurah - justice). Others (chassidish) say that the peyos are so powerfull so they should be shown (eg. not behing the ears).
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Before World War Two, Rav Elchonon Wasserman wrote an entire sefer titled Ikvesa D'Meshicha which you may find particularly helpful in developing a clearer picture of the definition of the 'footsteps of Mashiach'. Some of the primary points he makes include the rapid acceleration of global changes due to the relatively short time left in the master plan ...
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