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Aruch HaShulchan Orach Chayyim 551:11 (writing at the end of the nineteenth century CE) notes that two or three generations prior to his time the custom had changed (amongst the Jews of Lita) such that people wore shabbat clothes on Shabbat Chazon.
He suggests that the reason for this change is that shabbat clothes had become noticeably different from ...
9
Aruch HaShulchan 551:11
ודע שאצלינו יש שנים או שלושה דורות שאין נוהגין כמנהג הזה בשבת חזון,
אלא לובשין כל בגדי שבת. וגדולי הדור שהיו אז הנהיגו כן, באמרם שזהו
כמראים אבילות בשבת בפרהסיא.
It is important to note that for the past two or three generations we
have not been following this minhag [of wearing weekday clothing] on
Shabbos Chazon, ...
4
R. Elazar of Kozhnitz is cited as finding an allusion to the idea that one receives power of blessing (requesting) on their birthday in the verse (Ps. 2:7-8):
אֲסַפְּרָ֗ה אֶֽ֫ל חֹ֥ק יְֽהוָ֗ה אָמַ֘ר אֵלַ֥י בְּנִ֥י אַ֑תָּה אֲ֝נִ֗י
הַיּ֥וֹם יְלִדְתִּֽיךָ׃
שְׁאַ֤ל מִמֶּ֗נִּי וְאֶתְּנָ֣ה ג֭וֹיִם נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ וַ֝אֲחֻזָּתְךָ֗
אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃
Let me ...
3
The source for putting the wine on one’s eyes seems to be Pirkei d’Rebbi Eliezer ch. 20:
רבי אליעזר אומר: לאחר ששותה אדם כוס של הבדלה, מצוה להטיל מעט מים בכוס של הבדלה ושותה כדי לחבב את המצות. ומה שישאר בכוס מן המים מעבירו על גבי עיניו. למה? משום שאמרו חכמים, שיורי מצוה מעכבים את הפורענות.
R’ Eliezer said: After someone drinks the cup of Havdalah, ...
3
The Maharshal siman 92 brings from the Sefer Chassidim(I could not find it ) that one should not go into a fast with meat and wine nor break their fast on meat and wine. I dont believe this is codified in the classical halachic texts.
Text of Maharshal:
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The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1:5 says that everybody should say Tikun Chatzos. Those who cannot do it at midnight should endeavor to awaken before dawn to say it.
The Shulchan Aruch on 1:3 says that one who Fears heaven should get up to mourn the destruction.
The Mishna Berura (ibid) brings some (unnamed?) Achronim who say that from Shavuoth to Tish'a B'Av ...
2
R' Ya'akov Chayim Sofer זצ''ל writes in Kaf HaChayim to Orach Chayim 429:21 that according to the R' Ya'akov Moelin זצ''ל Lamenatzeiach is not said on Isru Chag. (see here)
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Here is what seems to be the most authentic reason why chabad chassidim don't specifically say tikkum chatzos.
It is no longer accustomed amongst most Jewry to perform Tikkun
Chatzos. The current Chabad custom is not to say it.[15] Nevertheless
one is to perform the service of Tikkun Chatzos during his recital of
Kerias Shema Sheal Hamita. Likewise ...
1
Rabbi Moshe Feinstein speaks about this topic numerous times in Igros Moshe
(like inYore De'ah 1 siman 137, Yore De'ah 3 siman 78) and he says that even from a very young age boys and girls should study separately but if this isn't possible then can be done. However from an older age it is "Assur min hadin" according to everyone- שנת השביעי ושנת השמיני... ...
1
A chabad.org article titled "Why the Spoon and the Feather?" addresses this. The reason given for the candle is a practical one: so that we can see the bread.
In terms of the spoon and feather:
We search with a wooden spoon so that we can burn it later. We read in the Code of Jewish Law
[SA Orach Chaim 445:3, see Rama] that if one does not find any ...
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