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Questions related to how something was in the past, and how it's developed since then.

3 votes
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After the destruction of the 2nd temple and Jerusalem, when, where and how did a new central...

Though I'm not sure this question is on-topic for this site, the Talmud in Gittin 56b tells us that during the Siege of Jerusalem, Rabban Yochanan ben Zakai sneaked out of the city, met with Vespasian …
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3 votes
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Who were the בני ברית מערביים mentioned in the Trumas HaDeshen, and what was their agenda?

According to Rabbi Yehudah Leib Maimon in Sefer Zikaron Leshlomo Meir Sali, this is a reference to some Sephardic Jews living in Eretz Yisrael who would inform on the Jews who came to live in Yisrael, …
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2 votes

What school of thought did the Jews of Mecca (or Bakkah) follow?

According to Dr. Yisrael Ben Ze'ev in his book "The Jews in Arabia" (היהודים בערב), pg. 111, note 13, there was no Jewish community in Mecca during the time of Muhammad, most likely because it was way …
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1 vote

Why did Egyptian and Babylonian officials change Jewish names?

Da'at Mikrah write in their introduction to the Book of Jeremiah: "...Instead of him [=King Yehoachaz], appointed Nekho Eliakim ben Yoshiyahu, who agreed, it seems, to be subject to Egypt, and even c …
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1 vote

Did Chazal know about China and the Chinese? and from which of Noach's sons do they hail?

Rabbi Philip Biberfeld in Universal Jewish History, writes: The Sinites. A passage of the prophet Isaiah shows that they are obviously the Chinese. …
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1 vote

Who were the zekeinim mentioned in Pirkei Avot?

Rambam writes in his Introduction to his Commentary on the Mishna: "And when Yehoshua bin Nun, peace be upon him, died, he taught the elders that which he received of the [Torah's oral] explanatio …
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5 votes
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Where can I find the text of the 1756 Vaad haArba Artzot / Brody Cherem?

Found it. As I previously wrote in the comments, a vast number of the Vaad's letters were published by Yisrael Halperin in פנקס ועד ארבע ארצות (Pinkas Vaad Arba Aratzot). As it happens, I'm looking fo …
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2 votes
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Did the Samaritan cities fight with the Hellenists against the Maccabees?

According to Jonathan Bourgel in his essay "The Samaritans during the Hasmonean Period: The Affirmation of a Discrete Identity?", there isn't any strong evidence for either option at the moment. On on …
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1 vote

What is the relationship between the tradition of the Pharisees and Rabbinic Judaism (Yahadu...

Based on things I read recently, I think I can now expound on what I wrote in the comments last year. I'll explain what I believe the mishna in Sotah 3:4 means, which from I gathered, is easily misund …
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1 vote

Mesada/masada, are there any torah sources confirming or denying Josephus' version

Prof. Shmuel Safrai (according to Prof. David Flusser in "Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Era", pg. 116) and Rabbi Shmuel Klein (in The Land of Judea, pg. 101) both thought that the following mi …
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2 votes

The Torah from The Dead Sea Scrolls

Emanuel Tov in part 2 of his series of articles on the history of the Masoretic Text (abbreviated MT): "No complete proto-MT scrolls have been found; just partial scrolls and fragments. …
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6 votes
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When were the books and the text of the Torah settled?

As it happens, I'm now in the middle of reading a book called "Mevo Lekitvei Hakodesh" (Introduction to the Holy Scriptures) by Shmuel Shrira, which discusses the creation and canonization of the Scri …
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8 votes

Torah based on Mesopotamian (and other) sources

For example, Rabbi Alexander Hool in Pharaoh: Biblical History, Egypt and the Missing Millennium argues for Pharaoh Thutmose II. … Mitchell First brings a vast majority of the various opinions in his book Jewish History In Conflict (parts of it can be read here). …
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5 votes
Accepted

What would have been the nature of the religion of Galileans in the second temple period?

This understanding of the verses in Hoshea loses sight of the framework of the first chapters of Hoshea. As the Talmud in Pesachim 87 put it (emphasis mine): "The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Hos …
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0 votes

How often did the average Israelite bring offerings to the temple?

Note: Most of this stuff was explained to me by one of my history professors. …
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