Questions tagged [language]
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52
questions
7
votes
6answers
829 views
20
votes
2answers
1k views
Different traditions in Hebrew pronunciation [closed]
The theme of Hebrew pronunciation is one that facinates me and, as such, I want to get some feedback on some issues I've been thinking about for years. I have already discussed some of these issues ...
11
votes
7answers
6k views
Hard Yeshivish phrases to translate [closed]
Does anyone ever have trouble finding good English translations of certain yeshivish phrases, especially when in conversation with someone who would not understand the original?
Post your favorite ...
18
votes
5answers
1k views
Was a sefer torah ever actually written in Greek?
This answer to a different question states that the only other language a sefer torah can be written in and be kosher is Greek. (Rambam, Hilchot Sefer Torah 1:19 says that this Greek no longer exists ...
15
votes
5answers
6k views
Is Hebrew the mother of all languages spoken today in the world?
I often wonder what language Adam, Seth, Noah and Abraham (may peace and blessings be upon them) used to speak. What was their native tongue? Was it classical Hebrew? If yes, then would it be right to ...
12
votes
1answer
555 views
Kubutz and shuruk in Polish/Hungarian pronunciation
What is the origin or basis of the Polish and Hungarian prevalence for pronouncing "oo" vowels as "ee"? The variants of other vowels are easier to understand in the context of phonological shifting, ...
8
votes
1answer
636 views
Does texting count as speech?
For instance, say that I text someone "I promise I'll do X." Does that have the same status as if I said out loud the same thing?
The same question can be asked with respect to Shevuos (as ...
8
votes
2answers
769 views
Is the ketuba enforceable in American law?
The Ketuba is written in Aramaic, so it might not be easily understood by an English-speaking judge; however, it is still a contract. On the other hand, the ketuba is not (necessarily?) signed by ...
6
votes
2answers
402 views
What effect did Migdal Bavel have on world languages?
In 1764 BCE (or about 1930 BCE adjusting for the missing years (Wikipedia link), everyone (perhaps under Nimrod's command?) had built the Migdal Bavel, and that Hashem caused a dispersion and ...
6
votes
1answer
635 views
Writing HaShem's actual name in English
Is it permissible to write out HaShem's actual name (the "Tetragrammaton") in English (or any other, non-Semitic, language)?
Does it make a difference how you spell it, ie., whether you write it in ...
3
votes
0answers
96 views
Why does Echad mi Yodeia switch languages in middle?
Why does echad mi yodeia switch from hebrew (eg. ×Ö¶×Öø× ×Ö“× ××Ö¹×Öµ×¢Ö·? ×Ö¶×Öø× ×Ö²× Ö“× ××Ö¹×Öµ×¢Ö·: ×Ö¶×Öø× ×Ö±×Ö¹×Öµ×× ×Ö¼ שֶ××ַּשÖøÖ¼××Ö·×Ö“× ×Ö¼×Öø×Öø×Øֶׄ.) to arameic (eg. ש֓××Ö°×¢Öø× ×Ö°×Öµ× ×©Ö·××ÖøÖ¼×ŖÖø×), back to hebrew (eg. ...
6
votes
1answer
226 views
Does G-d only hear one language?
I'm a little confused by Rambam Hil. Tefilla 1:4.
Consequently, when someone would pray, he would be limited in his ability to request his needs or to praise the Holy One, blessed be He, in Hebrew, ...
13
votes
1answer
345 views
Where Rashi uses a Russian word in Nach?
I heard that Rashi uses a Russian word where he deals with the building of the Beis Hamikdash by King Shlomo. I also heard that he uses a Polish word.
Does anyone know where it is?
7
votes
4answers
916 views
What are your suggestions for learning Yiddish?
I would like to learn Yiddish in order to further my understanding of Chassidus and other Torah topics that are presented in Yiddish. What are your suggestions for sources to use that would focus on ...
3
votes
1answer
439 views
Why is Chad Gadya a mix of Hebrew and Aramaic?
Chad Gadya (recited at the end of the Passover seder) is written in a mix of Hebrew and Aramaic. Specifically, most of the verbs are in Hebrew, except for ×××× (bought) and ××Ŗ× (came), and most of the ...
14
votes
4answers
638 views
Is pharisaical - or any similar allusion to the Pharisees - offensive to modern Jews?
This question is inspired from an English Stack Exchange question: https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/182014/what-is-the-word-for-a-pious-person-who-never-helps-others
In short, is the term ...
8
votes
2answers
325 views
Are there any studies that compare Biblical Hebrew to modern Hebrew? [closed]
(I am a Hebrew speaker) When reading the Bible, one encounters sometimes words whose meaning in modern Hebrew clearly does not correspond to what was meant in the text (in Kohelet for example, "××”××" ...
-1
votes
1answer
188 views
What allowed Jews to change the way they pronounced words?
The way we pronounce words has changed over many years and we now have many different customs. Many of the changes derive from Jews moving to different geographic locations and adopting similar ...
13
votes
4answers
460 views
Why the Sanhedrin has a greek name?
This bothers me since a long time. The biggest Jewish halachic authority, arguably, the peak of the Torah world which can be ever imagined, which has its most basic definitions in the Chumash (70 ...
7
votes
1answer
330 views
Would a Greek sefer torah be read from in Greek?
If a sefer Torah was written in Greek, would it have been publicly read from in the Greek translation only, or would they also use a Hebrew scroll?
7
votes
2answers
4k views
Akum, Nochri, and Goy
I see a lot of Halachic and Aggadic texts where the words ×××, × ××Ø×, ×¢××"× are all used interchangeably. Usually I notice it in places where two people are using different versions of a text (one from ...
5
votes
0answers
868 views
Saying “Elokim” when not referring to Hashem
People often say "Elokim" instead of "Elohim" when speaking in order to avoid taking God's name in vain. I have observed, however, that some people always substitute the word "...
4
votes
5answers
1k views
Arabic and Angels
The angels in Heaven are said to not be able to understand Aramaic because it represents a deviation from the Hebrew language. My question is: Do they understand the Arabic language (as is very close ...
13
votes
1answer
1k views
What is the source of the expression ××××× ××××?
The Forward writer Philologos in his most recent column claimed that the earliest uses of the expression ×××××× ×××× are found in the Ra'avad and in the Radak. Based on the fact that both these ...
11
votes
3answers
1k views
What is Rashi proving with words in different languages
There are many places in Rashi's commentary where he uses a foreign language to translate a word used in the Torah.
For example, Bereshit 6:14:
××פ×Ø: ×פ×Ŗ ××ש×× ××Ø××. ××צ×× × ××Ŗ×××× ××פ×Ø×
With tar. ...
10
votes
3answers
360 views
Why do many (most?) people call the upcoming holiday “Peysach”? [closed]
In some Ashkenazic dialects, lots of words in which the first syllable is accented and the vowel is segol are pronounced as though they had a tzeirei. Examples include "meylech," "tzeydek," and "...
7
votes
1answer
584 views
Keeping in mind the meaning of every word of prayer, vs. being mindful of general concepts
If I were to sit down with my prayer book, I could translate it. I know what the words mean, and I know what they are saying conceptually. However, when I'm praying, if I try to translate in my head ...
7
votes
4answers
799 views
Why was the Gemara written in Aramaic?
The Gemara (the Bavli and Yerushalmi) are the fundamental texts that we possess of the Oral law. Why were they written in Aramaic?
At first glance, Ravina and R' Ashi probably knew that this will be ...
5
votes
4answers
1k views
What is the difference between a takana and a gezera?
What is the difference between a takana and a gezera in both definition and application?
5
votes
1answer
432 views
Is the letter Aleph (×) also a word that means “to teach, inculcate”?
This Aish article about the meaning of the word "Adam" states the following:
The letter aleph is also a word which means to teach or inculcate. It similarly indicates leadership, as implied by ...
5
votes
6answers
199 views
Prominent Spanish Language Rabbinic Works
Does anyone know of any Jewish religious works written in Spanish or Ladino by a prominent Jewish scholar (eg, Ibn Ezra, etc.)?
2
votes
1answer
188 views
“Ben Ha'arbayim” vs. “Ben Hashmashot”
There seem to be two terms used to mean "twilight".
The Torah uses the term ×× ××¢×Ø××× as in the time for the Mincha and Pesach offerings.
Talmudic literature uses the term ×× ×ש×ש××Ŗ
I know that ...
12
votes
4answers
312 views
Why did Yosef's brothers speak freely in the presence of the interpreter?
In Parashat Miketz, Yosef's brothers encounter him disguised as the viceroy of Egypt, and he accuses them of espionage, jails them for three days, and makes a demand that they know their father would ...
12
votes
1answer
882 views
Is there a rule for Rashi's French transliterations (Laaz)?
Rashi frequently uses French words in his explanation to Chumash or the Gemara. However, he doesn't write it in the original language, but he writes it in a "transliteration" of French in Hebrew ...
8
votes
1answer
249 views
What are some good resources for finding the meaning of unfamiliar Hebrew and Aramaic words in Acharonim?
I have no trouble using Jastrow for Tanach and Shas but I find it difficult to apply to Acharonim. How might I use it more effectively? Are there peculiarities of grammar I'm missing?
For a few ...
6
votes
1answer
132 views
What Egyptian/Greek text was Ibn Ezra consulting for his commentary on the name “Moshe”?
Ibn Ezra suggests that Pharaoh's daughter, who spoke Egyptian, most likely called the baby Monios, the Egyptian word for drawn; the Torah translated into Hebrew as "Moshe." He then writes that he ...
6
votes
1answer
171 views
How is it “well-known” that Esav hates Ya'akov?
Rash"i in Breishit 33:4 cites Sifrei, by stating:
×Ö²×Öø×Öø× ×Ö“×× ×Ö¼Ö°×Öø××Ö¼×¢Ö· ש×ֶעֵש×Öø× ×©××Ö¹× Öµ× ×Ö°×ַעֲקֹ×
It is a well-known halacha that Esav hates Ya'akov
How is this "well-known"? Based on ...
6
votes
1answer
252 views
How holy is Aramaic?
I've always thought that Hebrew is the Lashon HaKodesh, the language G-d speaks, and the language of Judaism. And that Aramaic is also important but somewhat secondary.
But based on this answer, it ...
5
votes
3answers
345 views
How is there Torah about Hebrew letters if the letters are not original?
Occasionally I hear Torah that relates to the iconography of Hebrew letters, like the significance around the fact that the yud is a small point, and how the hey has two openings, allowing repentants ...
5
votes
4answers
531 views
Is there a feminine equivalent of Zt"l? [duplicate]
Inspired by this question, I am wondering:
Is zt"l -- ×צā×, zatzal = zecher tzadik livracha "May the memory of this tzaddik be a blessing" -- ever used for tzadkaniyot, righteous females? Or else is ...
4
votes
3answers
166 views
“Ashkenazim” and “Sephardim,” for example
Please excuse the crossword-puzzle-clue style of the title...
What is a or the technical name for the distinction between Ashkenazim and Sephardim, and/or the class or category that both of these ...
3
votes
2answers
2k views
Different words for clothing
Whats the difference between kasah (covering) and labash (covering)? And when we look to clothes then what's the difference between kesut and lebush? And what about beged (cloths) ? Please show me ...
3
votes
2answers
76 views
'Alcoholic drinks' and 'reward' are both “ש××Ø”
Alcoholic drinks (and drunkenness) and reward seem like rather disparate ideas! Is there a reason why they might imply one another and do any commentaries interchange between the two to bring some ...
2
votes
1answer
490 views
Why is twilight called “Bein Hashmashot”?
Inspired by this question, I'm curious why halachic literature calls twilight ××× ×ש×ש××Ŗ, which means, literally, "between the two suns"? The sun has set, and there is just one sun, anyway. What do ...
2
votes
1answer
94 views
Where does the word ×Ŗ××Ø×Ŗ× and different aplliable roots learn us?
(From the pealim.com website)
The word ××××Ø××Ŗ comes from ××Ø× and gives ×××Ø× (past tense, 3rd person, masculine singular; "he/it taught", or as a imperative 2nd person, masculine, singular: "[to a ...
2
votes
1answer
139 views
Meaning of abbreviation tblch“t / tblch”a
What do these abbreviations stand for? I have seen them beside the names of righteous females. Does it mean that she should have long life? What is the equivalent for males?
1
vote
0answers
20 views
How did Adam got his intellect?
The tradition says that Adam was created grown up and extremely intelligent. We know that his body was formed from the earth and his soul was blown into the body and then he became a living (talking) ...
1
vote
1answer
63 views
Two roots applied to the same verses
I was looking up the word ××××Ø××Ŗ on the pealim.com website, from the root ××Ø×. And it gave all kinds of conjugations. But it also gave some related words one of those was: ×××Ø××. Both seem to have to ...
1
vote
0answers
78 views
Rashi, Tosfot - Dialects
Is there a name for the dialect of Hebrew/Aramaic that Rashi and Tosfot use? Have there been any articles and/or books published on how to systematically approach Rashi and the Baalei Tosfot's ...
1
vote
0answers
57 views
What is the most effective way to translate non-Hebrew translations found in Rabbinic literature?
Non-Hebrew translations are often included by our Sages when attempting to clarify words or concepts.
There are myriad examples in RaSh"I (Shemot 5:7) and Hizquni (Wayiqra 11:16). For relatively ...
