Questions tagged [grammar-dikduk]

Questions about Hebrew grammar as related to Judaism.

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Aser titasher Talmud bavli Taanith 9a-b

As for the advice to give maaser kesafim, מעשׁר כספים to become rich: Talmud Bavli Taánith 9a-b עַשֵּׂ֣ר תְּעַשֵּׂ֔ר becomes תִּתְעַשֵּׁר עַשֵּׂ֣ר. Why does the Talmud uses ithpael ThiTh’ASheeR in ...
Diederik Ouwehand's user avatar
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Ambiguous cantillation notes

Today, while teaching someone the verse Genesis 2:7, I had cause to be puzzled as to the correct accentuation of its first word, וַיִּיצֶר֩. I corrected the student's milra accentuation and said it ...
Moongazer's user avatar
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Shva in היצור/היצורים

I have a similar question to Why is it a sheva na in ha-leviyim? I have seen some siddurim indicate a shva nach in the yud of שֶׁכֵּן חובַת כָּל הַיְצוּרִים (shacharis of Shabbos, before yishtabach). ...
JMS's user avatar
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Nikkud of the word ים

Why in Tanach, does the word יָם always have a Komatz, even when נסמך/connected to the next word, such as יָם המלח and יָם פלשתים and even when attached with a מקף such as יָם-כנרת (Bamidbar 34:11) ...
שלום's user avatar
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what is the difference between שלל, ביזה, and חרם?

We know that there are no true synonyms in the Torah. What does each of these connote? (to pass the test here - i googled and did not find anything)
eliyahu's user avatar
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Psalms/Tehillim 18:26

In Psalms 18:26: עִם־חָסִ֥יד תִּתְחַסָּ֑ד עִם־גְּבַ֥ר תָּ֜מִ֗ים תִּתַּמָּֽם Why is the word עם־גבר vocalised as עִם־גְּבַ֥ר ʕim-ggəvár instead of עִם־גֶּבֶר ʕim-ggέvɛr? I am asking this because ...
Leaky Nun's user avatar
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Difference between chataf patach alef and kamatz alef

In yoel 2:27 The pasuk states וִידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י בְקֶ֤רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אָ֔נִי וַאֲנִ֛י What is the difference in nekudot usage of the words אני? More specifically, the difference between chataf ...
Shababnik's user avatar
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Kammatz katan in Kaddish

In the Kaddish, the words בעלמא, לעלם, ולעלמי, עלמיא are all related to the Hebrew word עולם, from which I conclude that in each of those four words, the kammatz vowel below the ע is a kammatz katan ...
Moongazer's user avatar
2 votes
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What is the difference in meaning between the words עֵ֭דֹתֶיךָ and עֵדְוֺתֶ֥יךָ

The word for “Your decrees” (Sefaria) appears in Tehillim 119 (& elsewhere) in two forms with and without the letter “vav”. The meanings seem to be identical but the pronunciation is different. ...
Avrohom Yitzchok's user avatar
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מַה נִּשְּׁתַּנָה הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה מִכָּל הַלֵּילוֹת - What is the etymology of נִּשְּׁתַּנָה (nishtana)? [closed]

I can find לְהִשְׁתַּנּוֹת where נִשְׁתַּנֶּה (nishtane) would translate to "we will change (ourselves)", but i cannot find where נִּשְּׁתַּנָה (nishtana) derives from. Or is it just old ...
Guenther's user avatar
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Hei hayedia on second word of a smichut pair

I recently corrected someone's use of beit hamidrash to beit-midrash, explaining that it is a smichut pair like the similar pairs, beit-knesset and beit-sefer, and that the added hei is only ...
Moongazer's user avatar
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Is there a Jewish database on Tanach syntax?

Westminster is a downloadable version of the Leningrad Codex [version of Tanach], http://tanach.us/Tanach.xml. One thing they have there is a database that includes syntax for all of Tanach. It was a ...
MichoelR's user avatar
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What is the difference between the פְּעַל and פְּעֵל in Aramaic?

[As a preface I recognize this could be seen as an off-topic language question, but the question came up in the context of Gemara study using a book explaining the Grammar of the Bavli specifically ...
ak0000's user avatar
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Does it suffice to know the pronounciation of a name without its spelling?

Today, I asked a friend what his Hebrew name is to daven for him. He said his full name but did not know the spelling of his mother's name (Perel). This made me wonder: Is there any relevance to the ...
Yehuda's user avatar
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-1 votes
1 answer
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What is the translation of דורמיטא? (Dormita)

What is the translation of דורמיטא? (Dormita) Is this something from the realms of kabbalah? When I searched Sefaria here, I found it mentioned many times in the context of Kabbalah, but I still don't ...
The Targum's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
73 views

What are some good resources for advanced Biblical Hebrew study?

I have been studying Biblical Hebrew for over a year, and have come to the point where I can read most of the prose text in the Hebrew Bible without trouble. I started with a beginner's textbook and ...
CMK's user avatar
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0 answers
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What is the proper prefix for a rabbi? [duplicate]

What are the different prefixes for a rabbi, what are their differences, and when is it appropriate to use them? Example: ר',הרב, מרן, הרה"ח, הרה"ת, הרה"ג, הרה"ק (This question ...
The Targum's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
28 views

What is the proper suffix for a deceased person? [duplicate]

What do the different suffixes mean, what are the differences between them, and which suffix is used for which people? Example: ז"ל, זצ"ל, זצוק"ל, זי"ע, נבג"מ (This question ...
The Targum's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
61 views

Judge The “Entirety of a Person” or “Each Person” Favorably?

In Avos 1:6 it says …והוי דן את כל האדם why כל האדם and not כל אדם? Are we being told to judge the “entire” person favorably or “each” person favorably?
הבלשן's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
88 views

Who delves into "dikduk"?

i am looking for seforim \ rabbis that discuss the specific details of dikduk \ grammar as well as "explanations" of the different tagim and trop (tunes) for the Torah reading.
The Targum's user avatar
3 votes
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40 views

Why is there variation in number regarding entering the land?

In some situations, the Torah, when issuing a commandment regarding being in Israel uses the singular and in other cases, the plural: Dev 26:1 -- וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־תָב֣וֹא אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ Bam 15:2 -- כִּ֣י ...
rosends's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
168 views

Grammar: missing dagesh forte in "yitzok"

The word yitzok (יִצֹק), meaning he shall pour, which appears in Leviticus 14:26 and Numbers 5:15, should, by the rules of biblical grammar have a dagesh forte in the second letter (צ) because the ...
Moongazer's user avatar
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2 answers
88 views

Why does רבי עקיבא say "50 אמה", and not "50 אמות?"

In the first Mishna on Mesechta Bava Kama Daf סא עמוד ב (https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Kamma.61b?lang=he), there is a מחלוקת about how far does a fire have to pass in order to be פטור. When רבי עקיבא ...
Very Curious Jew's user avatar
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0 answers
64 views

Why don't we count sfeirah **m**'omer (from the omer)?

There are different nusachot that count sfirah as "ba'omer" or "la'omer." But shouldn't we count days m'omer? The omer was brought on the 16th and that's what we are counting from. ...
Avraham's user avatar
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67 views

לְךְ - what is this grammatical form?

Occasionally in a sefardi siddur, I see לְךְ. The first shva is a shva na, and the last is a shva nach. I always thought it was a typo but I keep seeing it now so I thought I'd ask a grammatical ...
Rabbi Kaii's user avatar
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2 votes
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Shabbat vs. Other days, Singular vs. Plural

Why, in middle blessing of the amida for Shabbat is the blessing's conclusion in the singular (mekadesh hashabbat) while for holidays and Rosh Chodesh, the wording is in the plural (z'manim and roshei ...
rosends's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
95 views

Is the Yemenite pronunciation of Hebrew closest to correct? [duplicate]

Is the Yemenite pronunciation of Hebrew closest to correct? If so, would that mean that we should use the Yemenite pronunciation when davening or leining the Torah?
Raphael Chilungu's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
55 views

Torah or Sorah?

What is the difference between Torah with a taf and Sorah with a saf? For example, in Tehillim 119, the word תורתיך or תורת is written about 20 times, half of the times it is written with a taf, and ...
TorahKnowledgeSeeker's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
86 views

Why don’t we say ״המלביש ערומים״ in the morning blessings?

It says (Yerushalmi Berachos 6:1) that the reason we don’t say ״motzi lechem min ha’aretz”(which would have been more preferable) but “hamotzi”, is in order to separate between the מ״ם of “ha’olam” ...
שלום's user avatar
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2 votes
0 answers
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Exceptions to pausal form [duplicate]

The pasuq reads, (Vayiqra 3:14) ג,יד וְהִקְרִ֤יב מִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָ֑ה אֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃ Why does the segol of ...
Me.'s user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
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Hebrew Grammar Gen. 2:19

As far as I can see there is a quite complex grammatical structure: כל חית is feminine כל עוף is masculine נפש חיה is feminine Gesenius says that the personal-suffixes 3rd masculine singular in the ...
Skylark Soldierz's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
59 views

Any digitized text that marks the shva na?

Does anyone know of any downloadable digitized text that marks the 'shva na's? For now, I am looking specifically for a text of Megilas Ester. But I would appreciate all of Tanach and also the siddur. ...
JackD's user avatar
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2 votes
0 answers
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Drashos based on the doubled verb

In Menachos 17b, the gemara explains a drasha: ור"א א"כ לכתוב רחמנא אם האכל האכל א"נ אם יאכל יאכל מאי האכל יאכל שמעת מינה תרתי And what would Rabbi Eliezer respond? He would say that ...
MichoelR's user avatar
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1 vote
2 answers
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Talking to other people inside a bracha

A bracha always starts and/or ends with ברוך אתה ה'. However, in a few selected brachos, we also talk to other people in the second person in the middle of the bracha. Examples: The bracha in a ...
Heshy's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
186 views

Can a medial he with shva end a syllable? [duplicate]

In the word וַיִּתְמַהְמָהּ in Genesis 19:16, does the first ה end a syllable so the shva under it is a shva nach and consequently the ה itself is also silent, so the word is pronounced vayitmamahhhhh,...
Moongazer's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
54 views

Is the navi Yeshaya or Yeshayahu? [duplicate]

Why is the Navi sometimes referred to as ישעיה and sometimes ישעיהו? Same thing with Yirmiyah and Yirmiyahu?
adtz's user avatar
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Could the word shem (שם) means anything other as ‘name’?

Shemot 6:3 reads: “And I appeared to Avraham, to Yitzchak, and to Ya'akov, by the name of God Almighty (El Shaddai), but by My name, the Lord (the Tetragrammaton/Shem Hameforash) I was not known to ...
Y.Talmid's user avatar
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6 votes
1 answer
174 views

What are the differences between "Olam" "Netzach" "Selah" "Va'ed" "Adey Ad"?

What are the differences between "Olam" "Netzach" "Selah" "Va'ed" "Adey Ad"?
AYAL TAAROG's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
63 views

Where's אשר in Vayeshev 39:4?

In Vayeshev 39:4 the pasuk reads: וַיִּמְצָ֨א יוֹסֵ֥ף חֵ֛ן בְּעֵינָ֖יו וַיְשָׁ֣רֶת אֹת֑וֹ וַיַּפְקִדֵ֙הוּ֙ עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ וְכָל־יֶשׁ־ל֖וֹ נָתַ֥ן בְּיָדֽוֹ׃ Seemingly, there should be the word אשר in ...
user6591's user avatar
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1 vote
2 answers
160 views

Problems with the Hebrew text in Job 26:12-13?

Proposed correction of the Hebrew text I know a professor of religious sciences who saw problems with Job 26:12-13 considering it a hapax, especially in the following verse. ברוחו שמים שפרה By his ...
Thales's user avatar
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1 answer
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Are there examples of "language transformations" in Hebrew grammar that significantly alter the apparent meaning of a text?

In a discussion on this site, a knowledgeable friend pointed out in comments how there are "many, many language transformations broadly associated with Hebrew grammar", such as "...
1Sam1223's user avatar
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4 votes
3 answers
320 views

Why is the plural of the verb used in Genesis 35:7?

In Genesis 35:7 it says: וַיִּ֤בֶן שָׁם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ וַיִּקְרָא֙ לַמָּק֔וֹם אֵ֖ל בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל כִּ֣י שָׁ֗ם נִגְל֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים בְּבָרְח֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֥י אָחִֽיו הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים is clearly used in ...
Yaakov Roth's user avatar
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23 views

What's the difference between פקד and זכר? [duplicate]

וה' פקד את שרה Would it be the same if the word זכר was used?
larry909's user avatar
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5 votes
0 answers
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Grammar and word choice of the Mi Shebeirach for Yom Tov

On Pesach, Shavuot, and Sukkot, the phrase "ויזכה לעלות לרגל" - "he should merit to go up [to the Beit Hamikdash]" is added to the end of the Mi Shebeirach after each aliyah. I've ...
Moshe Katz's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
161 views

Hei in front of His name

What is the grammatical reason for the "Hei" bolded in the pasuk below? Is there a spot in the Torah where there is a "Hei" in front of the Tetragrammaton name? ( Is there a spot ...
Mars Sojourner's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
229 views

Why do we have "noten Lecha" in the first sentence of Ki Tavo and "noten Lach" in the second?

This question seems similar to the question about Modim for which there are four answers, but none of those answers fit here. In particular, the trope is the same on both phrases. This is clearly ...
Ben's user avatar
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0 votes
1 answer
147 views

Is the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the kamatz "aw" or "uh"?

I have seen sources, for example the Artscroll transliterated siddur, that say that the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the kamatz vowel is "aw," as in the first syllable of "often," ...
user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
62 views

Why the use of אָחִֽי in 1 Melachim 13:30 וַיִּסְפְּד֥וּ עָלָ֖יו ה֥וֹי אָחִֽי

In 1 Melachim 13:30 it says: And the prophet took up the carcass of the man of God, and laid it upon the ass, and brought it back: and the old prophet came to the city, to mourn and to bury him. And ...
Shmuel's user avatar
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0 votes
1 answer
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Dagesh in pe lefufah

If you were writing pointed text with a pe lefufah (or doubled/spiral pe, or pe kefulah) for pedagogical purposes, and the pe had a dagesh, would you write the dagesh inside the inner spiral, or ...
sideband's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
74 views

Why is "the righteous" (Chavakuk 2:4) a reference to "Jeconiah the king"?

Why is "the righteous" (as in Chavakuk 2:4) in reference to "Jeconiah the king"? The passage in question reads: "but the righteous shall live by his faith." Chavakuk - ...
ninamag's user avatar
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