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Jesus was called a Rabbi during a time in history when being a Rabbi really meant something. He lived during the time of semicha, and his responses are often Rabbinic in nature. And so this begs the question, could Jesus have been a Rabbi who received semicha?
Note: I know there is plenty of evidence that Jesus as a person might not have existed.
Jesus's actions as reported by his followers indicate that he said some kind of brachot on bread and wine. This indicated familiarity with some aspects of the Oral Law. At one point he is even recorded as stating that the laws established by the Rabbis must be obeyed, although he later often contradicts these laws and argues about them (which of course indicates he was familiar with them). Therefore, it seems possible that he was a talmid of one of the Rabbis before turning to unorthodox beliefs. But there is no evidence that he received smicha and he certainly was never a dayan.
As to being called 'Rabbi' he is referred to in this way by his followers, who of course had accepted him as their teacher, which is what "Rabbi"'s meaning is. In those days Rabbi was not a formal title (note that none of the Zugot and few of the early Tannaim are called by any title, even in the Gemara).
Certainly possible; wouldn't make much of a difference from our perspective. The Talmud talks about a "Yeshu HaNotzri" who started off as a student of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Perachiah; there's plenty of discussion as to how that story relates to the Jesus known to most of the world. But the Talmud's telling of that story really doesn't dwell on how far along in his studies he was, whether he had received semicha at that point or not. It seems we don't particularly care.
For instance, Elisha ben Avuyah almost certainly had semicha at some point (if he taught Rabbi Meir), but the Talmud, in retrospect, doesn't use the honorific "rabbi" about him because he eventually became an apostate. So the fact that the Talmud calls him "Yeshu" and not "Rabbi Yeshu" doesn't prove that he didn't have semicha at some point.
Rabbi was a Jewish title of respect and meant 'master, teacher', but it was not known to be used until the time of Herod the Great around B.C. 37. "Rabbi" was applied to Jesus (Yeshua) and was often translated 'master' in the A.V. of the Christian Bible (Mark 9:5; 11:21; 14:45; John 1:38, 49; 3:2, 26,; 4:31; 6:25; 9:2 and 11:8). Jesus (Yeshua) forbade that his disciples be called"Rabbi", for one was their Master, even Christ (Messiah). Matt. 23:8. According to the Jews, the levels of honor went from "Rab" to "Rabbi" and, lastly, to "Rabban" or "Rabboni". Jesus the Christ (Messiah) was so recognized by the blind man who sought after him: "Jesus answered and said to him, 'What do you want me to do for you?' The blind man said to him, 'Rabboni, that I may receive my sight.' Then Jesus said to him, 'Go your way; your faith has made you well.' And immediately he received his sight and followed Jesus on the road" (Mark 10:51-52).
