What is the full list of rules for when to pronounce a sh'va (i.e. na) during tefillah and keriat hatorah?
When I was in school, I remember being taught that a sh'va was na in the following 5 cases (the rules from Masoret hamasoret written by Eliyahu Levita and published in 1538):*
- Under the first letter of a word (לְךָ)
- The second of two consecutive sh'vas (נַפְשְׁךָ)
- Under a letter immediately following a long vowel (הַמֹּשְׁלִים)
- Under a letter with a dagesh (דַּבְּרוּ)
- Under the first of two identical consecutive letters (הַלְלוּ)
(And see e.g. here where it is assumed that these are the rules.)
Does anyone argue on these rules? Are there any exceptions? For number three, is there a consensus on what consitutes a long vowel?
Are there any further instances where a sh'va is na?
As a starting point I have heard the word רִצְפַת (Esther 1:6) read with a sh'va na on the tzadi, as well as the word הַמְבֹרָךְ (as part of tefillah) with a sh'va na on the mem. What rule(s) are these following?
* Thanks to b a for looking it up in the original book!