Is there something like a daily or weekly reading of the Torah and/or Talmud? Where could they be found? Is there maybe a commentary about them too?
2 Answers
The 5 books of the Torah are generally read in their entirety once a year. They are divided into sections, commonly called Parshiyot (plural. Singular: Parasha, or Parashat HaShavua). Chabad.org seems to have links to content related to the weekly Parasha here. Some people like to study a page of Talmud a day, concluding it every seven and a half years. This is called Daf Yomi. There are an almost endless number of commentaries on the Torah and the Talmud, in numerous languages. One popular translation of the Torah, that includes a commentary as well, is The Living Torah. One popular translation and commentary to the Talmud is Artscroll's Schottenstein edition.
The Talmud would probably be poorly suited for beginners. Practical Jewish law and Jewish thought would probably be more useful (cf. here). Resources abound. For a list of websites that contain large amounts of relevant material in different media, see here.
One daily program is called Hok L'Yisrael. It includes daily study of Tanakh, Mishna, Talmud, Halakha (Jewish law), Mussar (ethics), and mysticism. It is available in English here.
@mevaqesh answered the first part of your question about the Torah being read a parsha a week. Additionally, the parsha of the week is studied in a procedure called Shnayim Mikra V'Echad Targum.
Additionally. the second part of the question asks about the talmud. This is studied in a procedure known as Daf Yomi There are numerous web sites which contain daily shiurim for each daf of the daf yomi so that people can attend a virtual shiur if they cannot attend in person. One example of this is YUTorah Online
A Daf Yomi Calendar showing the current 13th cycle is published showing the dates each daf is scheduled to be learned.
Daf Yomi (Hebrew: דף יומי, Daf Yomi, "page of the day" or "daily folio") is a daily regimen of learning the Oral Torah and its commentaries (also known as the Gemara), in which each of the 2,711 pages of the Babylonian Talmud are covered in sequence. A daf, or blatt in Yiddish, consists of both sides of the page. Under this regimen, the entire Talmud is completed, one day at a time, in a cycle of seven and a half years.
The first cycle of Daf Yomi commenced on the first day of Rosh Hashanah 5684 (11 September 1923), with tens of thousands of Jews in Europe, America and Israel learning the first daf of the first tractate of the Talmud, Berachot. To show support for the idea, the Gerrer Rebbe, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, learned the first daf of Berachot in public on that day. On 12 November 1924 Tractate Berachot was completed, with small siyums (celebrations marking the completion of study of a Talmudic tractate) in local communities. At that time, Rabbi Shapiro published a calendar for the entire cycle of Daf Yomi study.
The study of the daf yomi has continued uninterrupted since then.
In August 1923, at the First International Congress of the Agudath Israel World Movement in Vienna, Rabbi Meir Shapiro proposed uniting the Jewish people worldwide through the daily study of a page of Talmud. The “Daf Yomi” tradition continues today as thousands diligently study the designated page of the day. Daily classes dedicated specifically to the study of Daf Yomi can be found in Jewish communities all across the globe.
With 2,711 pages in the Talmud, each Daf Yomi study cycle takes about seven and a half years. On March 1, 2005, a much-celebrated ceremony known as the Siyum HaShas marked the 11th completion of the entire Talmud by Daf Yomi readers around the world.