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I checked 3 different Siddurim for instructions regarding how to respond to parts of the Kedusha. All are Nusach Ashkenaz

Art Scroll has inconsistent rules:

Weekday Kedusha Shacharit & Mincha

Cong. then chazzan say נקדש

Cong. and chazzan say קדוש together ; Chazzan only לעומתם

Cong. and chazzan say ברוך together ; Chazzan only ובדברי

Cong. and chazzan say ימלוך together

Shabbat Shacharit and Musaph Kedusha

Cong. then chazzan say נקדש

All other paragraphs are said by cong. followed by Chazzan

I don't know why Art Scroll has different rules for weekday and Shabbat. Is this an error?

Birnbaum

All paragraphs are cong. followed by the chazzan

Chayim Shlomo

For the weekday Kedusha (I haven't checked what he does for Shabbat, and, B"N, I'll edit it in later):

Cong. then chazzan say נקדש

Cong. then chazzan say קדוש ; Chazzan only לעומתם

Cong. then chazzan say ברוך ; Chazzan only ובדברי

Cong. then chazzan say ימלוך

In summary, there seem to be 3 versions of what to do after the 1st paragraph. (All agree that the Cong. starts the Kedushah)

Version 1 - Alternate starting with the 2nd paragraph with 2nd said by Cong. then Chazan, 3rd only Chazzan, 4th Cong. then Chazzan, etc.

Version 2 - Same as version 1, except that 2nd, 4th, 6th, etc. are said by Chazzan & Cong. together

Version 3 - All paragraphs are done by Cong. then by chazzan

So, which version is correct, or are all acceptable?

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The original method (dating back to the Tosefta Berakhot 1:11) which was uniformly practiced in all locations (Ashkenaz, Poland, Spain, North Africa, Yemen, Italy, etc.) is simply the leader recites the entire paragraph out loud and the congregation says the verses from Tanakh along with him (eg. "Kadosh...Kevodo"). This is the version endorsed by essentially all Rishonim through to the Shulchan Arukh and Rama (OC 125).

The Ari's practice was, for Kabbalistic reasons, to also recite the rest of the paragraph along with the leader in an undertone, and to additionally say the opening two words "Na'aritzecha veNakdishecha" aloud with the leader.

(In some places, people apparently liked saying the leader's portions along and/or doing so too loudly so he would wait for them to get it out of their systems before saying his parts, and hence the "Cong. then chazzan" instructions you see sometimes. Really though there isn't supposed to be any significant pausing by the leader during Kedusha.)

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  • Re the last paragraph with the Chazzan's repetition - I think that may have been largely influenced by the Chazzan showing off his cantorial / musical skills.
    – DanF
    Jun 13, 2017 at 14:43
  • @DanF totally possible. again definitely not original or fundamentally meaningful.
    – Double AA ♦
    Jun 13, 2017 at 14:43
  • I assume the practice likely evolved due to the Chazzan using a melody during the recitation that stirred the congregation to sing along (as currently often happens in other parts of davening).
    – Loewian
    Jun 13, 2017 at 18:13
  • Re "congregation says the verses from Tanakh along with him (eg. 'Kadosh...Kevodo')": what about "v'kara…"?
    – msh210 ♦
    Jun 17, 2017 at 18:38
  • @msh210 Ya I was intentionally trying to avoid detailing that, but "Kadosh...Kevodo" and "Barukh...Mimmekomo" are the two mentioned in the Tosefta. The rest of the stuff is essentially Piyut which was written with expectant audience participation, so "Shema...Echad" and "Ani...Elokeikhem" would be (Minhag-level) audience lines. You could argue too if the whole Shema...Elokeichem paragraph should be viewed as one response, cf. the gra judaism.stackexchange.com/a/22140/759 but really your question above is the perfect answer to the gra's claim.
    – Double AA ♦
    Jun 22, 2017 at 21:09

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