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have read in a few places such as in the book Shaarei Kedusha that God is "infinite" (Ein Sof) (without end). What does this mean? Typically we think of something infinite as being immeasurable or mathematically as the limit of a function as some variable increases indefinitely. The latter does not apply to God since He does not change (Rambam Yesodei Torah 1). What then does infinite mean in this context? (note that I am not asking about God's essence as that is forbidden to inquire about. Just asking what we can know (if anything) of what infinite means with regard to Him)

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    You yourself said "(without end)". Doesn't that answer it? Apr 25, 2017 at 20:46
  • @DavidKenner what does that mean? obviously does not mean He is "expanding" endlessly.
    – ray
    Apr 25, 2017 at 21:04
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    I think the concept of infinity means that there is no finite end. It cannot be counted. Regarding G-d, he is not defined by time or space or any such form of measurement to which you can assign a numeric or position.
    – DanF
    Apr 25, 2017 at 21:17
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    This question seems too broad :)
    – Baby Seal
    Apr 27, 2017 at 1:09
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    Hashem is one. Thus we can "count" cardinally. Hashem is antecedent to the universe. So we can place Hashem "ordinally" in time. Neither of these concepts "limit" the infinite, so they may be used to describe Hashem. The quality of Ein Sof means no other characteristics may be ascribed, as doing so is "bounding" the infinitude. Apr 27, 2017 at 13:11

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Since we are finite beings, then in this sense infinite means immeasurable or not understandable. Any attempt at description is a limit to something that has no limit. Your statement

Typically we think of something infinite as being immeasurable or mathematically as the limit of a function as some variable increases indefinitely.

is itself an attempt to describe the indescribeable. Thus we say that looking at a limited subset of characteristics that we ascribe to Hashem causes us to be at a point and move along.

Ein Sof, while it translates as infinite has more the connotation of unable to be expressed, as any expression implies some sort of limit or boundary.

For example, an exponential function in mathematics may be infinite, but since it approaches a limit without bound, it is not Ein Sof.

Another example is Aleph number which are infinite values but are also not Ein Sof as the bounds can be explicitly expressed.

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  • nothingness is also not describable. surely it means more than not describable
    – ray
    Apr 27, 2017 at 20:34
  • Any infinite thing is indescribable because we are finite. Nothingness can be expressed in terms that we can think that we understand, but Hashem cannot be so described. Apr 27, 2017 at 20:59
  • can you understand a Malach?
    – ray
    Apr 28, 2017 at 5:33
  • @ray There are people that we cannot understand. There are many finite things that we cannot understand, but other people can (theoretically). Apr 28, 2017 at 9:22
  • right. so wouldnt u say it means more than not understandable?
    – ray
    Apr 28, 2017 at 12:23
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I see two questions here: how is Hashem infinite and what does Ein Sof mean

Infinite according to Google means:

adjective

limitless or endless in space, extent, or size; impossible to measure or calculate. "the infinite mercy of God" synonyms: boundless, unbounded, unlimited, limitless, never-ending, interminable;

Obviously the terms referring to physicality don't apply, but the other ones are appropriate.

Lehavdil, Ein Sof as explained by Nefesh HaChaim Shaar Beis Chapter 2

מה שבז''הק מכנהו ית' בשם אין סוף איננו כנוי עליו ית''ש אלא הכוונה על השגתנו אותו מצד כחות הנשפעים מאתו בהתחברותו ברצונו להעולמות. ולזאת כנוהו א''ס ולא אין ראשית. כי באמת מצד עצמותו ית''ש אין לו לא סוף ולא ראשית. רק מצד השגתינו כחותיו ית'. הלא כל השגתינו הוא רק ראשית. אבל אין סוף להגיע בהשגה להשיג את כחותיו ית' הנשפעים

That which the Zohar calls Him Ein Sof (lit: without end), it's not that we're actually using it to give a description of Him. Rather the intention is based on our understanding of Him, based on the powers that have an affect from Him due to His desired connection to the universes. This why we refer to him as Ein Sof and not Ein Reishis (without beginning), because in truth, regarding His Essence, there's no end and no beginning. Only with regards to our comprehension of His powers, they have a beginning, yet they don't have an end. We'll never fully understand His influential powers.

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To us, Infinity means forever expanding. But that is because nothing that we relate to is actually infinite. Therefore when we use the term we are referring to the theoretical idea that we can keep on going. For example, when we say that numbers are infinite that doesn't mean that there is a forever number. It means that there is no foreseeable limit hindering us from continuing to count. Hence, infinity is more a function than a number.

When we say that God is infinite that means that he is indeed forever great. If we were to try to measure Him we would keep on going.

This is comparable to the vastness and endlessness of the athiest`s Original Nothing.

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  • are you saying He is measurable just that our tape measures is not long enough?
    – ray
    Apr 27, 2017 at 10:09
  • @ray Well 'measurable ' implies a size which is a limit? I just mean that endless doesn't have to mean expanding. It only means that to us, since we are finite. In other words, infinity doesn't exist in a finite world, so we usually use its closest relative, expansion.
    – HaLeiVi
    Apr 27, 2017 at 12:25
  • @ray I think the implication is that even if there WAS a clear scale by which "to measure," there would be no end to the process of measuring. Apr 27, 2017 at 13:12
  • I would say that this means immeasurable Apr 27, 2017 at 14:59

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