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What does Va'yechulu mean literally in Hebrew? What is the function of Va'yechulu during worship?

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It's the first word of Genesis 2:1. Genesis 2:1–3 is recited a few times a week in the liturgy, perhaps most notably toward the end of the evening synagogue services on Friday nights: many congregations recite the passage aloud and in unison on that occasion. If you saw a reference to "Va'yechulu", it likely meant that passage and may well have meant that recitation of it.

The word means "(they) were completed": see the verse for context. It's the third-person plural vav-consecutive imperfect (hence past tense) of the pu'al conjugation of the root "כלה".

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