What is the certifying agency that uses a kosher symbol comprised of a Star-of-David containing another odd-looking symbol within it?:
It is carried by, e.g., Byrne Dairy milks (of New York State).
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Sign up to join this communityIt's the Vaad Hakashruth of the Capital District, which the cRc currently says is acceptable.
Inside the star is a "V"-and-"h" combination with a "C" in the upper-left and a "D" in the lower-right: VHCD is the initialism of the organization's name.