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I have heard different theories where the 2 Temples were located. Some say it was on or near the Dome of the Rock. Others say it was farther south, even possibly on Mt. Ophel between the al-Aqsa Mosque and Ir David, and the Dome of the Rock is really in middle of a former Herodian/Roman fortress (Antonia Fortress) which may have originally been built by the Hasmonean Kings.

Many Jews are under the impression that it was over the Rock, and the 'Sanhedrin' ruled this way.

Where exactly was the Beit Hamikdash located?

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    @JJLL What does his wanting to blow up the Dome have to do with anything? I don't know where you are going with this.
    – Double AA ♦
    Jan 4, 2016 at 1:43
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    @JJLL ??? I don't follow how those are connected.
    – Double AA ♦
    Jan 4, 2016 at 3:36
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    Rather interesting info,pics, video's can be found at the following site: realtemplemount.com
    – user11716
    Jan 4, 2016 at 14:06
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    @NoachmiFrankfurt Even so, it would probably be permitted [qua Tumah] to enter to do that, because Tumah Hutrah BeTzibbur to build the Temple.
    – Double AA ♦
    Jan 4, 2016 at 15:28
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    Am I understanding you correctly @DoubleAA that when the Third Temple is built, Jews would be able to walk everywhere and anywhere on the Temple Mount due to construction purposes? I never quite thought of that. I was lead to believe that God was going to build the Third Temple himself. I suppose that idea is not universally believed.
    – JJLL
    Jan 7, 2016 at 2:40

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One of the current summaries of this argument can be found at http://www.templemount.org/theories.html, but I don't think that is authoritative. This link will take you to the TempleMount.org web site page entitled "On the Location of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem." This site describes three theories of the Temple's location on the Temple Mount with some references to articles in the Biblical Archaeological Review.

Another is http://templemountfaithful.org/articles/temple-location.php. This link will take you to the Temple Mount Faithful site page called "The Location of the Temple and the Holy of Holies on the Temple Mount." This site also describes the three theories of the Temple's location, but does so from a more personal reporting style.

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    See meta.judaism.stackexchange.com/a/2188
    – msh210 ♦
    Jan 4, 2016 at 15:35
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    Allyn, please summarise these links, per @msh210's critique
    – Noach MiFrankfurt
    Jan 4, 2016 at 16:55
  • A bit hard to take the Temple Mount Faithful article seriously when it states the following about Rabbe'inu HaRaMBa"M: "The greatest Jewish rabbi of the exile, the Rambam (Moses ben Maimon), who made a pilgrimage to the Temple Mount in 1165 CE, wrote that he stood and prayed in the house of prayer, the Dome of the Rock, in the place which he called, Kodesh Hakodeshim - the Holy of Holies".
    – Lee
    Aug 29, 2017 at 12:12
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considers that the Western/Wailing Wall was part of a Roman fortress called Fort Antonia and not the Temple.

Also, Josephus wrote in his The Jewish Wars that the Romans completely destroyed the Second Temple in 70 AD, leveling it to the ground.

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    The Western Wall is part of the retaining walls of the Temple Mount. As such, it is not part of the Temple proper. Furthermore, the retaining walls could not have been destroyed, as Hadrianus attempted to build a Roman temple on that site c. 130-135 CE, causing the Bar Kochba rebellion.
    – Noach MiFrankfurt
    Jul 13, 2016 at 15:44

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