i am still trying to figure this out, for now it seems to me that they are subconscious parts of you soul that come out (reveal themselves) into your consciousness (thought, speech and action over which you have direct control at anytime (thought you can not stop but can make yourself think of other things))
i understand that you can effect them to but you can not be sure they are completely effected
above them (affecting/causing them to be a certain way) is pleasure/will (keser)
if you count keser you do not count daas (you always have 10 (something like the zohar numbers them 10))
i am not counting daas
i see them practically like this
the 3 heads
1 chochmo: (almost impossible to see an effect, but) i think i feel (it comes to my consciousness from it) it when i understand something that i thought was impossible to understand becomes possible to understand (i saw even a non jewish source that to have a new idea their needs to be a distraction or a giving up for a moment and then it comes to you)
2 bina: when you rely on you subconscious to make connections with previous information you already understood (not what you are thinking about now but other things you know) and what comes, comes from bina
3 daad: when it comes into consciousness it is a felling that the theory is real (fact) not just imagination but part of this world (a shote has problems with his daas, the way he feels what is face/real part of this world)
the lower 7, for now the only way i see them clearly (it comes to my consciousness from them) is when i am not to heavy headed but relaxed (light headed) (probably because if i am not light headed the midos that come to me are a mix for example chesed she'be'gvura)
1 chesed: when i am light headed and giving/doing-for people of what they ask me (they ask me and i just do it for them (doing is conscious))
2 gevura: the opposite of chesed i do not do what they ask of me unless i know i owe them
3 tiferes: i know i should not give/do-for them but i do it anyway
4 netsach: when i am walking down a narrow the street and someone (not someone you are obligated to respect or disrespect) is walking in the opposite direction (and i need to decide what to do) and i light headedy continue walking straight (probably it is also the urge to win)
5 hoid: is the same story but i let go more to the side to let the other person go beside me (probably it is also the urge to thank/admit)
6 yesoid: is the same story but i stop in my place and let the other person decide how to avoid me (probably it is also the urge not to buge from your principles)
7 malchus: not yet clear to me, but probably if is the urge to rule
it is still a work in progress for me to really understand them (the subconscious, that they are real cause of my actions), and by doing that to understand more about G-d almighty