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In relation to the hebrew verb to shoot YaRaH, what does torah literally mean?
If the word torah comes from the hebrew verb, to shoot, then what does torah literally mean? does it mean "shooting" or "shooting direction" or "direction", etc.?
The words that are often used to translate torah is law or teaching, but these two words are interpretations and not literal translation of the hebrew word torah, if the hebrew word torah come from the hebrew verb, to shoot.
The roots are indeed the same (see, eg. the form מורה used in Samuel 1:20:36 and Chronicles 2:15:3).
It's not unusual for roots to have multiple senses, and on the simplest level that's what we have: one means to shoot [arrows] and one means to teach. See the two different roots on Hebrew Wiktionary. (We can speculate if these derive from two different roots in ancient Hebrew with different Reish's or something like that.)
On the homiletic plane, consider Malbim's comments to Exodus 15:4:
ופעל ירה בא על המשליך חץ ממקום רחוק בכח, וכן על המשליך דבר מלמעלה למטה ממקום גבוה אל מקום עמוק מאד שנופל בכח גדול ע"י כח הכובד
The root Y.R.H. comes on throwing an arrow from a far place forcibly, and similarly on throwing something from above to below from a high place to a very deep place that it falls with a large force by way of the force of [gravity]. (my translation)
Teaching is passing information from an intellectually high place to an intellectually lower place. As was the Torah itself passed from 'heavens above' to 'our lowly world'. Thus the root becomes very appropriate in this context. (Consider also the implications for Genesis 46:28.)
Strong derives 'teaching' as an extension of 'directing [the finger]' such as in Proverbs 6:13.
Rabbi Hirsch in Bereishis 26 5 writes about the word Torah. He says Torah is related to harah, not Yoreh. I''ll quote his words: תורתי which we believe does not come from ירה, but from הרה, like הוליך from הרה; הלך to receive a seed within oneself, in the Hiphil הורה to plant a seed in someone else, hence to implant the seeds of truth and goodness, of spirituality and morality in others; to teach. So that תורתי are the teachings which God has revealed to us of truth and goodnesswhich we are to accept in our minds and feelings, to beget in us the knowledg of truth and the decision to goodness.
