This question links to a post from the Temple Institute that mentions that a red heifer was born in Israel in 2002 and that a couple of rabbis had traveled to check the cow and verified that it was indeed kosher to serve as a parah aduma. What properties were the rabbis looking for in their verification, and how rigorous is the vetting process?
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Most likely the proximity of white hairs to each other, or the existence of white hairs according to one opinion. – Y e z Dec 8 '14 at 18:56
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breakingisraelnews.com/17303/holy-cow-red-heifer-born-us/… – Gershon Gold Dec 8 '14 at 18:58
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@YeZ probably also whatever evidence they can get regarding wither it had ever carried anything, right? – Isaac Moses♦ Dec 8 '14 at 19:40
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@IsaacMoses depending on who they were purchasing it from, they might just ask him. If it carried does not necessarily invalidate it - it had to be לרצון בעלים, IIRC. – Y e z Dec 8 '14 at 20:18
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Mishnah Parah 2:5
היו בה שתי שערות לבנות או שחורות, בתוך גומה אחת, או בתוך שתי כוסות והן מוכיחות זו על זו--פסולה.
If it has 2 white or black hairs within one "depression," or within two "cups" in such a way that they clearly go together, it is invalid.
The Mishna goes on to discuss other details, such as if the roots are red.
Among other details, this would be a primary criterion to check, as the red hair is the defining feature of the red heifer.
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