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Since the East bank of the Jordan River was given to shevet Reuven as an inheritance, was Shmita observed there as well? If so, does shmita still apply there?

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I'm just adding this answer due to the faulty translation in the accepted answer:

רמב"ם משנה תורה הלכות שמיטה ויובל

Rambam Mishneh Torah Laws of Shmita and Yovel

כג [כה] אין שביעית נוהגת אלא בארץ ישראל בלבד

Shmita applies only in the Land of Israel itself.

כה [כח] עבר הירדן, שביעית נוהגת בה מדבריהם.

On the eastern bank of the Jordan river, shmita is Rabbinic.

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Rabbi Shlomo Halbertal Shlita concludes that Shmita applies in Jordan also. However only in the western part is it a Biblical obligation. In the Eastern part it is Midrabanan.

שרק בעבר הירדן המערבי – שבו שייכת קדושת השכינה כדברי התשב'ץ – שייכת מצות השביעית במלוא חובתה – מדאורייתא, מה שאין כן בעבר הירדן המזרחי – שביעית דרבנן

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    It's not the western part of Jordan. It's the west bank of the Jordan River, in Israel. – Double AA♦ May 4 '15 at 18:45
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    Yes, I believe the Hebrew is mistranslated. – Lee Jul 22 '15 at 4:46

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