In his introduction to Perek Cheilek, the Rambam writes that there are three kinds of people with different attitudes towards statements of Chazal that they don't understand: (1) those who accept their words according to their simplistic (and erroneous) understanding, thereby distorting their true meaning, (2) those who don't understand them and write them off as nonesense, and (3) those who recognize that there's wisdom hidden in their words, and attempt to uncover that wisdom.
At the end of Hilchos Me'ilah, the Rambam says a similar thing regarding attitudes towards mitzvos that don't seem to make sense at face value: some might dismiss them as nonsense, but the correct approach is to recognize their wisdom and attempt to uncover their meaning. (He doesn't describe these as categories of people, but it sounds like he felt that these types of people were around)