Reason why women are obligated to eat Matza - why not like Chanuka and Purim?

Question

Pesachim 43: says that women are obligated in the Mitzva of Matza since they are obligated in the prohibition of not eating Chametz. Why do we not say that the reason is since they were part of the Neis of Yetzias Mitzrayim (we were actually redeemed because of the Nashim Zidkoniyos) like we say by Chanuka & Purim?

Answer 1

IIRC the principle that 'they as well were in the miracle' is a Rabbinic reason for applying Rabbinic commandments to women, not a reason for applying biblical laws.

Answer 2

R. Hayyim Paltiel (Leviticus 12:3) writes explicitly, as do other Rishonim, that women would only be included rabbinically on the basis of the principle that includes them in mitsvot associated with miracles they were involved in:

ואין להקשות מה מצה שאף הן היו באותו הנס דאין זה רק מדרבנן

R. Moshe Soloveitchik, however, explained that that principle only obligates women in mitsvot whose very definition is to commemorate a miracle. In the case of matsa, the commemoration is the motivation for the mitsva, but doesn't define the nature of the mitsvah itself. Accordingly, women wouldn't be included at all, even rabbinicaly, were it not for the derasha. This is quoted in in the name of his son in Reshimot Shiurim to Berakhot (20b):

והגר"מ זצ"ל אמר דאין לדמות חיוב נשים במגילה... דשאני קריאת המגילה שיסוד קיומה הוי קיום מצות פרסומי ניסא, וסברת אף הן היו באותו הנס מרבה נשים במצוות שיסוד קיומן ועצם החפצא שלהן הויין מצות פרסומי ניסא, ואינה סברא לחייב נשים במצות שנתקנו זכר לנס. ועפי"ז תירץ הגר"מ אמאי אין נשים מחוייבות בתפילין ובמצה מטעם שאף הן היו באותו הנס, דאע"פ שמצות תפילין ומצות אכילת מצה הויין מצוות שהן זכר לנס דיצ"מ וכדכתיב בקרא שמצות תפילין הוא "למען תהיה תורת ה' בפיך כי ביד חזקה הוציאך ה' ממצרים", מ"מ אין בהם חלות קיום פרסום הנס, ולכן ליכא לחייב נשים בהן מטעם שאף הן היו באותו הנס

Answer 3

Tosafos on megilla 4a asks this question and gives 2 answers.

1. That gam haio bioso neis is rabbinic . The hekesh by matza is deoraisa.
2. Gam haio bioso neis would obligate women deoraisa in matza, however you would learn out from the hekesh 15 15 from Sukka to exempt them. Therefore you need the hekesh from chametz to matza to obligate them.

Answer 4

For another, more drashic answer, R' Tzadok of Lublin reasons (in sefer Pri Tzadik) that since women were responsible for the first sin through the consuming the fruit of the eitz hadaas, they should be responsible for its tikkun (its fix or rectification).

Since according to one of the four opinions, the eitz hadaas was wheat and according to gemara it was not only raw wheat, but the tree grew ready-to-eat delectable buns (ie chometz) the tikkun of such an aveira is to do the opposite: consume matzah. (Of course men, having also eaten from the buns, must do likewise and effectuate the tikkun.)

While this is not on the topic of the question, we can go a little bit further. The gemara in Sanhedrin says that the revival of the dead will take place in Nissan. Why? Because eating from the eitz hadaas brought death and its rectification (over generations and generations of bittuling the sin by eating matzah seder night) will eventually bring the opposite: life. May it be this year.