As far as I know the main ones are the two mentioned in your original post. Rabbi Samuel Strashun is best known as a commentator on the Talmud. Rabbi Shalom Sharabi was an 18th Century post-Lurianic Kabbalist. Depending on whether you are in a Talmudic context or a Kabbalistic one usually one of those is usually called "the Rashash."
In some circles, Rashash can also refer to the eighteenth century Yemenite poet Rabbi Shalom Shabazi. Finally, I have on occasion seen Rabbi Shimon Shkop (19th-20th century talmudist) abbreviated in writing as Rashash, though I have never heard him called that in conversation.
As for "I was told that there was one that lived a thousand years ago," it would not shock me if there was some Rishon abbreviated Rashash (e.g., Rabbi Shimon of [some place starting with sin or shin]), but I am not aware of one and couldn't find one one Google.
As for someone who invented kavanot used by the Arizal, it ssound like a confused description of Rav Sharabi, as BID points out in their answer. Rashash Sharabi was post-Arizal and built on his kabbalistic system. It's also possible the person you were speaking to mixed up the Rashash and Rashbi. Rashbi refers to Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, a rabbi in the Talmud later treated as a mystical figure and author of the Zohar. The Ari believed the Zohar was written by Rashbi and refers to him often.