I frequently debate with Haredi-by-birth about philosophical and theological issues in Judaism, but it appears that they had never dealt with those questions. I understand that my expectations are too high, but I don't understand the common ground I can expect when talking to the Haredis.
What are the books on the Jewish philosophy/theology (like Rambam's "The Guide for the Perplexed", or even "Yesodey Hatorah"), which are obligatory in today's standard Haredi education? Books that are learned, argued upon, and the students are examined at the end?