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For example you accidentally light a fire on Shabbat, I assume this counts as unintentional. If you light a fire thinking it is a rabbinic prohibition, does this count as unintentional?

In a more general sense, if you perform an aveira believing the punishment to be less severe than it is, could this be called unintentional?

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Rambam in Hilchot Shegagot 2:2 rules that even if one knew that something was a biblical prohibition, but was unaware that the punishment incurred is karet, it is classified as a shegagah and he brings a chatat.

I surmise that the same would be true in your case of an individual believing the prohibition is rabbinic; it would also be classified as a shegagah and he would bring a chatat.

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