Any other cases of people who lose a child in תנ"ך? I have a few ideas but am looking for a fuller list, though let's keep it to Pshat reading of the text, not Midrashim.
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1Mesushelach and maybe others in that geneology – Heshy Mar 24 '19 at 21:49
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1I take it you’re not counting Yaakov, who thought he lost a child? – DonielF Mar 25 '19 at 0:15
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- Adam and Eve (Genesis 4:25):* their son Cain killed their other son Abel
- Terah (Genesis 11:28): his son Haran died in his lifetime
- Judah (Genesis 38:7,10):* his sons Er and Onan died after marrying Tamar
- Pharaoh and all the Egyptians (Exodus 12:30):1 lost their firstborn in the tenth plague
- Aaron (Leviticus 10:2):* his sons Nadab and Abihu died when bringing a fire offering
- Zur (Numbers 25:15):3 his daughter Cozbi was killed while he was killed at a later time (31:8)
- Mother of Sisera (Judges 5:28): described as being alive after Sisera died
- Jephthah (Judges 11:39):1 he fulfilled his vow to sacrifice his daughter, apparently killing her
- Eli (1 Samuel 4:11):* his sons Hofni and Phinehas died in battle with Philistines
- Mother of Agag (1 Samuel 15:33): described as being bereaved when Agag died
- Saul (1 Samuel 31:2): his sons died shortly before him in the war against the Philistines
- David (2 Samuel 12:18, 13:32, 18:15):* he lost an unnamed child, Amnon, and Absalom
- A prostitute (1 Kings 3:19): two prostitutes had two sons, and one of them died
- Jeroboam (1 Kings 14:17):2 his son Abijah died of a sickness
- Hiel of Bethel (1 Kings 16:34):1 lost his sons by building Jericho
- Mesha (2 Kings 3:27): sacrificed his son
- An unnamed woman (2 Kings 6:28): ate her son and wanted to eat her neighbor's son
- Athaliah (2 Kings 11:1): her son was killed in battle
- Ahaz (2 Kings 16:3): put his sons through fire (assuming this means he killed them)
- Manasseh (2 Kings 21:6): also put his sons through fire (same caveat)
- Zedekiah (2 Kings 25:7):1 his sons were slaughtered before his eyes
- Job (Job 1:19):* all of his sons and daughters died
- Naomi (Ruth 1:5): her two sons died in Moab
- Ephraim (1 Chronicles 7:22): mourned over his children
* mentioned by the OP Josh Silverblatt
1 noted by Double AA
2 noted by Gary
3 noted by DonielF
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Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. – Monica Cellio Mar 29 '19 at 0:58