There is a mishnah that explicitly addresses this question (Although @ray's quote of Chovos haLavavos makes the point pretty directly.
Avos 3:14:
הוא היה אומר, חביב אדם שנברא בצלם .חבה יתרה נודעת לו שנברא בצלם, שנאמר (בראשית ט), כי בצלם אלקים עשה את האדם. חביבין ישראל שנקראו בנים למקום.חבה יתרה נודעת להם שנקראו בנים למקום, שנאמר (דברים יד), בנים אתם לה' אלהיכם.חביבין ישראל, שנתן להם כלי חמדה.חבה יתרה נודעת להם שנתן להם כלי חמדה שבו נברא העולם, שנאמר (משלי ד), כי לקח טוב נתתי לכם, תורתי אל תעזבו.
He [Rabbi Aqiva] would say: Beloved is humanity, since it is created in the image [of G-d]. A deeper love is that it is revealed to him that he is created in the image, as it says (Genesis 9:6) "for in G-d's image He made humankind." Beloved are Israel, since they are called children of G-d. A deeper love is that it is revealed to them that they are called children to G-d, as it says (Deuteronomy 14:1) "You are children of Hashem your G-d." Beloved are Israel, since a precious instrument [the Torah] has been given to them. A deeper love is that it is revealed to them that the precious instrument of the world's creation has been given to them, as it says (Proverbs 4:2) "For a good lesson I have given to you; do not forsake my teaching."
G-d loves all of humanity, as they are in His "Image" and he let us know as much.
Yes, there is a parent-child relationship with Jews that differs from that of non-Jews. But this mishnah points out that this is not to the exclusion of Hashem loving all people.
