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It is subject to current societal standards. Aruch HaShulchan YD 101:21: כבר נתבאר דחה"ל תלוי לפי המקום ולפי הזמן והכל לפי ראות עיני המורה It has already been explained that chaticha hare'uya lehischabed depends on the place and the time, and it all goes according to the way it appears before the [particular] rabbi. An important aside, the ...

There are really two types of Bittul (nullification): Min BeMino - a mixture of the same types of food. In this case the prohibited substance (the 'issur') is batel (nullified) if it is in the minority (rov). The rabbis enacted a restriction (gezeira) not to eat the mixture until the issur is less than one 60th of the total (shishim). Min BeSheEino Mino - ...

To quote myself: The answer, explains the Ra'avad (quoted by the Rashba to Chullin 89b ד"ה אמר), is as follows: כי אמרינן חד בתרי בטיל מדאורייתא דוקא דקיימא איסורא באפי נפשה והיתירא באפי נפשיה כגון גיד בין הגידים וביצה בין הבצים שההיתר לא קיבל טעם מן האיסור, וכיון דאיסורא לא מנכרא בטל ברוב, אבל כשקבל ההיתר טעם האיסור נעשה הכל ...

Sometimes rov is enough and other times we require shishim. See this chart for details but basically the only case l'halacha we will rely on rov is if no taste is transferred (yavesh byavesh) and taste the same (min bmino).

Tosafos on the g'mara that is the source of this discussion (Chulin 100a) says that even if this criterion is not always objective, there are objective (dis)qualifications, such as isur. If eating the food in question is prohibited it is automatically not ra'ui l'hiskabed.

Afraid I don't have a source off-hand, but my strong sense from how it's addressed in Shulchan Aruch is that no, that's not davar hama'amid. The examples are something like an enzyme that cause a near-instant significant change in the product. You can't pretend the non-kosher rennet isn't there when if it wasn't, this wouldn't look anything like cheese! ...

First if it is a "legal fiction" then you are in fact transgressing biblical and Rabbinical commandments regarding possessing Hametz over the course of Pesach. First you are referring to the Bitul Hametz that we all recite. However it is important to note that the formula of that specifically says, "Any leavened food or leavening in my possession ...

Per Rabbi Zusha Blech this is accurate. Per Montreal Kosher MK this is accurate. To the best of my knowledge these are reliable Hashgachos.

I posted my question as a follow-up to the one mentioned in the comments above. Rabbi Dov Lior answered it at http://www.yeshiva.org.il/ask/?id=77609 as follows (translation mine): אין ליהנות מהם, אך לימוד אינו נחשב הנאה – כי קול ומראה וריח אין בהם משום הנאה.‏ One may not derive benefit from them, but study is not considered benefit – since [as a ...