Jews do have a teaching that when Abraham was childless that he slaughtered an animal when making a pact with God in which God promises Abraham that he will have a child. Later in Abraham's life, he slaughter's an animal instead of his son Isaac. God specifically tells him to sacrifice Isaac. However, the dates that these events happened are not brought down by the Torah or Jewish tradition. Therefore we do not have any celebrations or festivals for these events.
The Episode of Abraham Sacrificing an animal to make a covenant with God comes from chapter 15 of Genesis, which is the first book of the Torah. This chapter says:
Genesis Chapter 15
1 After these things the word of the LORD came unto Abram in a vision,
saying: 'Fear not, Abram, I am thy shield, thy reward shall be
exceeding great.' 2 And Abram said: 'O Lord GOD, what wilt Thou give
me, seeing I go hence childless, and he that shall be possessor of my
house is Eliezer of Damascus?' 3 And Abram said: 'Behold, to me Thou
hast given no seed, and, lo, one born in my house is to be mine heir.'
4 And, behold, the word of the LORD came unto him, saying: 'This man
shall not be thine heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own
bowels shall be thine heir.' 5 And He brought him forth abroad, and
said: 'Look now toward heaven, and count the stars, if thou be able to
count them'; and He said unto him: 'So shall thy seed be.' 6 And he
believed in the LORD; and He counted it to him for righteousness. 7
And He said unto him: 'I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of
the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it.' 8 And he said: 'O
Lord GOD, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?' 9 And He said
unto him: 'Take Me a heifer of three years old, and a she-goat of
three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtle-dove, and
a young pigeon.' 10 And he took him all these, and divided them in the
midst, and laid each half over against the other; but the birds
divided he not. 11 And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses,
and Abram drove them away. 12 And it came to pass, that, when the sun
was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, a dread, even a
great darkness, fell upon him. 13 And He said unto Abram: 'Know of a
surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs,
and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
14 and also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge; and
afterward shall they come out with great substance. 15 But thou shalt
go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age. 16
And in the fourth generation they shall come back hither; for the
iniquity of the Amorite is not yet full.' 17 And it came to pass,
that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a
smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces.
18 In that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying: 'Unto thy
seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great
river, the river Euphrates;
The section of the Torah in which God commands Abraham to sacrifice Isaac is from comes a few chapters later in the Torah. At this point in Abraham's life, God has fulfilled his promise to Abraham, and Abraham had not only one child but two, Ishmael and Isaac, but Sarah forced Abraham to send Ishmael away and so now the only child left with Abraham is Isaac. Abraham did not want to send Ishmael away, and Abraham only agrees to send away Ishmael when God comforts Abraham and tells him that even though Ishmael will be sent away, God will still make a great nation of Ishmael because he is still a son of Abraham. If you want to read more about this, you can find it here: http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0121.htm
Then when only Isaac is left, God asks Abraham to sacrifice Isaac, the Torah states this in Chapter 22 of Genesis:
Genesis Chapter 22
1 And it came to pass after these things, that God did prove Abraham,
and said unto him: 'Abraham'; and he said: 'Here am I.' 2 And He said:
'Take now thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest, Isaac, and
get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a
burnt-offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of.' 3
And Abraham rose early in the morning, and saddled his ass, and took
two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son; and he cleaved the
wood for the burnt-offering, and rose up, and went unto the place of
which God had told him. 4 On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes,
and saw the place afar off. 5 And Abraham said unto his young men:
'Abide ye here with the ass, and I and the lad will go yonder; and we
will worship, and come back to you.' 6 And Abraham took the wood of
the burnt-offering, and laid it upon Isaac his son; and he took in his
hand the fire and the knife; and they went both of them together. 7
And Isaac spoke unto Abraham his father, and said: 'My father.' And he
said: 'Here am I, my son.' And he said: 'Behold the fire and the wood;
but where is the lamb for a burnt-offering?' 8 And Abraham said: 'God
will provide Himself the lamb for a burnt-offering, my son.' So they
went both of them together. 9 And they came to the place which God had
told him of; and Abraham built the altar there, and laid the wood in
order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar, upon the
wood. 10 And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to
slay his son. 11 And the angel of the LORD called unto him out of
heaven, and said: 'Abraham, Abraham.' And he said: 'Here am I.' 12 And
he said: 'Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing
unto him; for now I know that thou art a God-fearing man, seeing thou
hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from Me.' 13 And Abraham
lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in
the thicket by his horns. And Abraham went and took the ram, and
offered him up for a burnt-offering in the stead of his son. 14 And
Abraham called the name of that place Adonai-jireh; as it is said to
this day: 'In the mount where the LORD is seen.' 15 And the angel of
the LORD called unto Abraham a second time out of heaven, 16 and said:
'By Myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, because thou hast done this
thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, 17 that in
blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy
seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the
seashore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies; 18 and
in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; because
thou hast hearkened to My voice.' 19 So Abraham returned unto his
young men, and they rose up and went together to Beer-sheba; and
Abraham dwelt at Beer-sheba. {P}
The Muslim faith is the only religion that i am aware of that have a celebration for these events.