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Some Christians believe in and live according to the Noachide Laws. According to Judaism, doesn't this qualify them for heaven? I know blasphemy is in that list, but Christians Genuinely believe that Jesus is the messiah.

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Sincerity of belief isn't really relevant; followers of Baal were presumably sincere too. – Monica Cellio♦ Sep 30 '12 at 22:34
How does a belief in Jesus ensure against committing blasphemy? – Seth J Oct 4 '12 at 4:05
@dongle26, please read: meta.judaism.stackexchange.com/q/1229/5 – Seth J Oct 4 '12 at 20:12
@SethJ okay, reverted. – dongle26 Oct 4 '12 at 20:16

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Blasphemy is not the problem — it refers to cursing G-d with His name (Rambam, Melachim 9:3). The problem is idolatry, and the consensus is that Christianity is idolatry. However, the Rambam writes elsewhere (I can't find it right now) that a non-Jew only receives reward for doing the things he is commanded in if he does them because G-d commanded them; if he does them for a different reason — that they seem to be good things to do, even if G-d didn't command them — he isn't rewarded for that.

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So you are saying "no"? – dongle26 Sep 30 '12 at 23:30
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Isn't Christianity a Shituf not regular idolatry? And Shituf is permitted for non-jews. (Shituf means combination, believing in God plus an extra power.) – Ariel Oct 3 '12 at 1:34
@Ariel See the link to the question I gave in my answer – b a Oct 3 '12 at 3:15
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@CharlesKoppelman While Alex's answer is certainly correct, what I meant was that the decision that it seems has been accepted by modern authorities is that it's prohibited for non-Jews — see the comments to that answer and the second answer; and that even the Rama holds (acc. to the Noda BiYehudah) that shituf is forbidden (the Meiri would consequently be a lone opinion) – b a Oct 3 '12 at 4:07
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@CharlesKoppelman The fact is that modern authorities (as quoted in that answer) do hold that. If you're wondering if/why business within 3 days of Sunday is permissible, you can ask a question, but it's a separate discussion – b a Oct 3 '12 at 4:16
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